Built-in project · ESP32-DevKitC V4

MicroPython 74HC595 flowing light on an LED bar, on an ESP32-DevKitC V4

MicroPython on an ESP32: a 74HC595 on GPIO 14, 12 and 13 walks one lit segment along eight bars of an LED bar graph and back. The whole build, an ESP32-DevKitC V4 and 10 more parts, runs here in your browser on the firmware below; open it in the editor to change the wiring or the code and run it again.

Teaching? Assign it to your class in one click.

Intermediate About 25 minutes to build and run. Runs in your browser. Free, and no account needed.

The parts retail for about $11.55. On Mokxi they're free.

The circuit runs here once the page has loaded.

What you'll learn

  • MicroPython on an ESP32
  • Splitting code into a module and a main program
  • Shift registers: data, clock and latch
  • Bit shifting to move a single lit LED
  • Difficulty: Intermediate
  • Time: About 25 minutes
  • Board: ESP32-DevKitC V4
  • Parts: 13

How it works

This MicroPython program runs on an ESP32 and drives a 74HC595 shift register with three pins. The chip's eight outputs go through 220 ohm resistors to an LED bar graph.

The main.py loop sends a byte with a single bit set. That one lit LED walks from the first output to the eighth, then back toward the first, waiting 300 ms at each step.

The hc595.py file holds a small helper class. It sets each bit on the data pin, pulses the clock, then pulses the latch so all eight outputs update at once.

Parts list

13 parts, plus the jumper wires. They retail for about $11.55; on Mokxi they're free.

Kits that can build it

This starter kit has every part in the circuit. Each kit's page lists what else it can build.

Wiring table

Every connection, pin by pin, read from the circuit itself. Each row joins the pin on the left to the pin on the right, by a jumper wire or a breadboard strip.

Part and pinConnects to
74HC595 shift register pin DSESP32-DevKitC V4 pin 14
74HC595 shift register pin STCPESP32-DevKitC V4 pin 12
74HC595 shift register pin SHCPESP32-DevKitC V4 pin 13
Resistor, 220 Ω (2) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q1
Resistor, 220 Ω (3) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q2
Resistor, 220 Ω (4) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q3
Resistor, 220 Ω (5) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q4
Resistor, 220 Ω (6) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q5
Resistor, 220 Ω (7) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q6
Resistor, 220 Ω (8) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q7
74HC595 shift register pin GNDGround
74HC595 shift register pin MR3.3 V
74HC595 shift register pin OEGround
Resistor, 220 Ω (1) pin 274HC595 shift register pin Q0
74HC595 shift register pin VCC3.3 V
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A1
Resistor, 220 Ω (8) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A3
Resistor, 220 Ω (7) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A4
Resistor, 220 Ω (6) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A5
Resistor, 220 Ω (5) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A6
Resistor, 220 Ω (4) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A7
Resistor, 220 Ω (3) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A8
Resistor, 220 Ω (2) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A9
Resistor, 220 Ω (1) pin 1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A10
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C10Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C9Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C8Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C7Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C6Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C5Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C4Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C3Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C1LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C2

The code

The MicroPython code exactly as the editor opens it. Change a line there and press Run: the board runs it on the official MicroPython firmware, with nothing to compile.

main.py · ESP32-DevKitC V4
# Flowing water light through a 74HC595: one lit LED walks along the
# eight outputs and back, three GPIOs doing the work of eight.
from hc595 import HC595
import time

chip = HC595(14, 12, 13)      # DS on 14, ST_CP on 12, SH_CP on 13

while True:
    for i in range(8):
        chip.write(1 << i)
        time.sleep_ms(300)
    for i in range(6, 0, -1):
        chip.write(1 << i)
        time.sleep_ms(300)
    print("back and forth")
hc595.py · ESP32-DevKitC V4
# hc595.py: send a byte to a 74HC595 on three pins.
# data is DS, latch is ST_CP and clock is SH_CP. Each bit is set on DS
# and clocked in on a rising SH_CP; a rising ST_CP shows all eight.
from machine import Pin

class HC595:
    def __init__(self, data, latch, clock, oe=None):
        self.data = Pin(data, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.latch = Pin(latch, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.clock = Pin(clock, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        if oe is not None:
            self.oe = Pin(oe, Pin.OUT, value=0)    # OE low: the outputs are on

    def shift(self, value, msb_first=True):
        for i in range(8):
            bit = 7 - i if msb_first else i
            self.data.value((value >> bit) & 1)
            self.clock.value(1)
            self.clock.value(0)

    def write(self, value, msb_first=True):
        self.latch.value(0)
        self.shift(value, msb_first)
        self.latch.value(1)

Troubleshooting

The usual mistakes with this circuit, and the fix for each.

  • No LEDs light This project
    Check that the chip's OE pin goes to ground and its MR pin goes to 3.3V, and that it has 3.3V on VCC.
  • The light jumps around instead of flowing This project
    Check the three signal wires: DS on GPIO 14, latch on 12 and clock on 13. Swapped wires scramble the bits.
  • ImportError for hc595 This project
    Make sure hc595.py is on the board next to main.py.
  • Outputs show garbage, or the register never clears. 74HC595 shift register
    Tie OE low and SRCLR (pin 10) high. Left floating, these pins make the chip behave randomly. Then pulse the latch pin after shifting the byte.
  • The bits come out in the wrong order, or LEDs are dim. 74HC595 shift register
    Choose MSBFIRST or LSBFIRST in shiftOut to flip the order. Give each LED its own resistor, since each output can source only about 6 mA safely.
  • Segments are dim, uneven, or the chip is damaged. LED bar graph
    Every segment is its own LED and needs its own current-limiting resistor, about 220 to 330 ohms at 5 V. One shared resistor makes brightness change with how many are lit.
  • The bar lights in reverse order or a segment never lights. LED bar graph
    Check pin 1 and the orientation. Anode and cathode sides are on opposite rows. Some bars are numbered the other way around, so test with one segment at a time.
  • The LED is dim, burns out, or the pin reads wrong because the resistor value is off. Resistor
    Read the color bands again. A 220 ohm to 330 ohm resistor suits a typical LED on 5 V. 10k is a common pull-up or pull-down value. Check with a multimeter if unsure.

Change it and keep it

Open it in the editor, change the circuit or the code, and keep your version in a free account.