Built-in project · Raspberry Pi Pico

MicroPython 74HC595 flowing light on a Pico

MicroPython on a Raspberry Pi Pico: a 74HC595 on GP18, GP20 and GP21 walks one lit LED along eight bars of an LED bar graph and back. The whole build, a Raspberry Pi Pico and 10 more parts, runs here in your browser on the firmware below; open it in the editor to change the wiring or the code and run it again.

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Intermediate About 25 minutes to build and run. Runs in your browser. Free, and no account needed.

The parts retail for about $5.55. On Mokxi they're free.

The circuit runs here once the page has loaded.

What you'll learn

  • Expanding outputs with a 74HC595 shift register
  • Data, shift clock and latch: the three signals of a 595
  • Using a bit shift to light one output at a time
  • Splitting MicroPython code into a main file and a small library
  • Difficulty: Intermediate
  • Time: About 25 minutes
  • Board: Raspberry Pi Pico
  • Parts: 13

How it works

A 74HC595 shift register turns three Pico pins into eight outputs. The Pico sends a byte one bit at a time on GP18, clocking each bit in with GP21. A pulse on GP20 then copies all eight bits to the outputs at once. GP19 is held low so the outputs stay on.

The program lights one bit and moves it across the eight outputs, 300 ms per step. Then it walks back, and prints sweep at the end of each pass. The outputs go through eight 220 ohm resistors to the LED bar graph.

Parts list

13 parts, plus the jumper wires. They retail for about $5.55; on Mokxi they're free.

Kits that can build it

This starter kit has every part in the circuit. Each kit's page lists what else it can build.

Wiring table

Every connection, pin by pin, read from the circuit itself. Each row joins the pin on the left to the pin on the right, by a jumper wire or a breadboard strip.

Part and pinConnects to
74HC595 shift register pin SHCPRaspberry Pi Pico pin GP21
74HC595 shift register pin STCPRaspberry Pi Pico pin GP20
74HC595 shift register pin OERaspberry Pi Pico pin GP19
74HC595 shift register pin DSRaspberry Pi Pico pin GP18
Resistor, 220 Ω (2) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q1
Resistor, 220 Ω (3) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q2
Resistor, 220 Ω (4) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q3
Resistor, 220 Ω (5) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q4
Resistor, 220 Ω (6) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q5
Resistor, 220 Ω (7) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q6
Resistor, 220 Ω (8) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q7
74HC595 shift register pin GNDGround
74HC595 shift register pin MR3.3 V
Resistor, 220 Ω (1) pin 174HC595 shift register pin Q0
74HC595 shift register pin VCC3.3 V
Resistor, 220 Ω (8) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A1
Resistor, 220 Ω (7) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A2
Resistor, 220 Ω (6) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A3
Resistor, 220 Ω (5) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A4
Resistor, 220 Ω (4) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A5
Resistor, 220 Ω (3) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A6
Resistor, 220 Ω (2) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A7
Resistor, 220 Ω (1) pin 2LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A8
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A10LED bar graph, 10 segments pin A9
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C9LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C10
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C8Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C7Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C6Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C5Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C4Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C3Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C2Ground
LED bar graph, 10 segments pin C1Ground

The code

The MicroPython code exactly as the editor opens it. Change a line there and press Run: the board runs it on the official MicroPython firmware, with nothing to compile.

main.py · Raspberry Pi Pico
# A flowing light through a 74HC595: three pins (DS GP18, ST_CP GP20,
# SH_CP GP21) set eight LEDs of the bar graph. One lit bit walks across
# the eight outputs one way, then back. hc595.py is in the next tab.
# GP19 is the chip's OE, held low so the outputs are on.
import time
from hc595 import HC595

chip = HC595(ds=18, stcp=20, shcp=21, oe=19)

while True:
    for i in range(8):
        chip.write(0x01 << i)
        time.sleep_ms(300)
    for i in range(6, 0, -1):
        chip.write(0x01 << i)
        time.sleep_ms(300)
    print("sweep")
hc595.py · Raspberry Pi Pico
# hc595.py: a 74HC595 shift register on three pins.
# Each bit goes out on DS and is clocked in on a rising SH_CP; a rising
# ST_CP then copies all eight to the outputs Q0 to Q7 at once.
from machine import Pin

class HC595:
    def __init__(self, ds, stcp, shcp, oe=None):
        self.ds = Pin(ds, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.stcp = Pin(stcp, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.shcp = Pin(shcp, Pin.OUT, value=0)
        if oe is not None:
            self.oe = Pin(oe, Pin.OUT, value=0)    # OE low: the outputs are on

    def shift(self, byte, msb_first=True):
        for i in range(8):
            bit = 7 - i if msb_first else i
            self.ds.value((byte >> bit) & 1)
            self.shcp.value(1)
            self.shcp.value(0)

    def latch(self):
        self.stcp.value(1)
        self.stcp.value(0)

    def write(self, byte, msb_first=True):
        self.shift(byte, msb_first)
        self.latch()

Troubleshooting

The usual mistakes with this circuit, and the fix for each.

  • Nothing lights This project
    Check that OE is on GP19. It must be low for the outputs to turn on.
  • The light jumps around instead of moving smoothly This project
    Check DS is on GP18, STCP on GP20 and SHCP on GP21, and that none are swapped.
  • Outputs show garbage, or the register never clears. 74HC595 shift register
    Tie OE low and SRCLR (pin 10) high. Left floating, these pins make the chip behave randomly. Then pulse the latch pin after shifting the byte.
  • The bits come out in the wrong order, or LEDs are dim. 74HC595 shift register
    Choose MSBFIRST or LSBFIRST in shiftOut to flip the order. Give each LED its own resistor, since each output can source only about 6 mA safely.
  • Segments are dim, uneven, or the chip is damaged. LED bar graph
    Every segment is its own LED and needs its own current-limiting resistor, about 220 to 330 ohms at 5 V. One shared resistor makes brightness change with how many are lit.
  • The bar lights in reverse order or a segment never lights. LED bar graph
    Check pin 1 and the orientation. Anode and cathode sides are on opposite rows. Some bars are numbered the other way around, so test with one segment at a time.
  • The LED is dim, burns out, or the pin reads wrong because the resistor value is off. Resistor
    Read the color bands again. A 220 ohm to 330 ohm resistor suits a typical LED on 5 V. 10k is a common pull-up or pull-down value. Check with a multimeter if unsure.
  • A pull-up or pull-down resistor is missing, so the input floats and reads random values. Resistor
    Tie the input to 5 V or ground through about 10k. Or use INPUT_PULLUP and wire the switch to ground.

Change it and keep it

Open it in the editor, change the circuit or the code, and keep your version in a free account.