Built-in project · no microcontroller

The current limit

A bench supply set to 12 V with a 1 A limit, into ten ohms: the lamp says CC, the output sits at 10 V, and the reason is the whole lesson. There is no microcontroller in it: the simulator solves the 3 parts as a circuit, so it runs the moment you press Run, and nothing needs compiling.

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The current limitlive0.000 s 0.00x
Click to open it in the editor
The circuit itself, running here on the simulator. Press what can be pressed; click anything else to open it in the editor.

How it works

There is no microcontroller in this one, so nothing is compiled: the simulator solves the circuit itself. The file in the editor is the notes that come with it.

sketch.ino
// The current limit, and what CV and CC mean.
//
// The supply is set to 12 V with the current knob at 1.00 A, and there are
// ten ohms across it. Ohm's law wants
//
//   I = 12 V / 10 ohm = 1.2 A
//
// and the supply is not allowed to give that. So it does the other thing it
// can do: it holds 1.00 A and lets the voltage fall to whatever ten ohms
// makes of it.
//
//   V = 1.00 A x 10 ohm = 10.0 V
//
// Which is what both displays say, and what the multimeter across the load
// says as well. The CC lamp is lit, not CV, and that is the whole reading:
// the supply is in constant current, so the number you set on the voltage
// knob is not what is on the terminals.
//
// Things to try, all of them with the circuit still running:
//
//   CURRENT +   turn the limit up past 1.2 A and the lamp flips to CV, the
//               voltage climbs to the 12 V you asked for and the current
//               settles where Ohm's law puts it. The crossover is the thing
//               to watch: it happens at exactly 1.2 A.
//   CURRENT -   turn it down to 0.50 A and the output halves to 5 V. In
//               constant current the supply IS the resistor.
//   OUTPUT      takes the terminals off the circuit. The meter reads zero,
//               which is different from the supply reading zero.
//
// Why this matters: a current limit is what lets you power something you are
// not sure about. Set the limit to what the circuit should draw, and a short
// or a part in backwards costs you a lamp on the front panel instead of a
// part. It is the single most useful thing on a bench supply and the one
// beginners leave wound up to maximum.

Parts list

4 parts, plus the jumper wires. Every one is in the editor's parts bin.

How it is wired

2 connections, pin by pin, read from the circuit itself. Each line is one set of pins joined together, by a jumper wire or a breadboard strip.

  • Ground: Resistor, 10 Ω pin 2; Bench power supply pin V-; Multimeter pin COM
  • Resistor, 10 Ω pin 1; Bench power supply pin V+; Multimeter pin V

Change it and keep it

Open it in the editor, change the circuit or the code, and keep your version in a free account.