Intermediate, after Electronics basics: the diode curve, biasing a BJT, common-emitter gain, the MOSFET as switch and resistor, op-amp gain both ways, comparators with hysteresis and split supplies.
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7 lessons in 3 chapters, about 4 hours on a simulated breadboard. Free, in your browser, every step checked by the simulator.
A 2N7000 with a knob on its gate: fully on with about 2 ohm left, fully off, and in between a resistor the gate voltage sets. Gate threshold, on resistance and why a MOSFET takes no gate current.
Open it in the simulatorAn LM358 amplifier on one 5 V supply, read with AC meters: a gain of 3.2 from two resistors, a gain of 2, a DC offset that pushes it into its top clip, and the inverting amplifier on paper.
Open it in the simulatorA TL072 inverting amplifier on +12 V and -12 V: a gain of -4.7 on a signal centered on ground, a DC output below zero, what happens without the negative rail, more gain, and where it clips.
Open it in the simulatorEach lesson opens when the one before it is done, and each chapter ends in a project.
The diode curve, a BJT biased by hand, and the MOSFET both ways.
A red LED on a bench supply with a 10 ohm sense resistor: almost no current below the knee, then a flood. Why a diode is not a fixed 2 V drop, and why every LED gets a resistor.
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A 2N2222 and an LED: hard on as a switch, then starved of base current until the collector current follows the base current a hundred and seventy times over. Picking a base resistor for the current you want.
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A 2N7000 with a knob on its gate: fully on with about 2 ohm left, fully off, and in between a resistor the gate voltage sets. Gate threshold, on resistance and why a MOSFET takes no gate current.
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A transistor amplifier and an op-amp amplifier, each set by two resistors.
A divider-biased 2N2222 amplifier on 9 V: read the operating point, measure a gain of about 4.5 with AC meters, halve it, clip it, and see what bad bias does.
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An LM358 amplifier on one 5 V supply, read with AC meters: a gain of 3.2 from two resistors, a gain of 2, a DC offset that pushes it into its top clip, and the inverting amplifier on paper.
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Clean decisions with hysteresis, and room on both sides of ground.
An LM393 comparing a knob with 2.5 V: an open-collector output, an LED that lights past the threshold, and one feedback resistor that gives it two thresholds so a noisy signal cannot make it chatter.
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A TL072 inverting amplifier on +12 V and -12 V: a gain of -4.7 on a signal centered on ground, a DC output below zero, what happens without the negative rail, more gain, and where it clips.
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All 7 lessons, in order, each with what it covers. Any of them opens in the editor right away.
Transistors and op-amps for real is part of the electrical track, a ladder of courses from zero to expert.
Where the volts come from and how to keep them: Ohm's law on a real meter, cells in series and parallel, a regulator, a LiPo on a TP4056, a boost converter, a battery gauge, and a power bank you build yourself.
Open the next courseCurrent and voltage you can see, then transistors, op-amps, filters, power and PCBs. Every circuit runs in a real circuit simulator in your browser.
See every course on the trackEvery lesson runs in the simulator with nothing to buy. When you want the real thing, these kits have the parts.
Pick the starter kit you own and run every lesson in its manual with the same parts on the same pins.
See every kitYes. All 7 lessons of Transistors and op-amps for real are free and run in your browser, with nothing to install and no parts to buy before you start.
No. Every circuit is built on a simulated breadboard, and the simulator checks each step as you go. When you want to build it for real, the same parts and wiring work on a real bench.
About 4 hours: 7 lessons in 3 chapters, each one a few short steps. Your progress is kept, so you can stop after any lesson and pick up where you left off.
Each chapter ends in a project that puts it together: MOSFET as a switch and as a resistor, Inverting and non-inverting amps and Split supplies.
With "The diode curve", and each lesson builds on the one before it. New to circuits? Electronics basics is the course that starts from zero.